{"id":9526,"date":"2022-06-24T12:21:27","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T10:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/?p=9526"},"modified":"2022-07-01T10:21:52","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T08:21:52","slug":"promising-signals-los-angeles-declaration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/articles\/promising-signals-los-angeles-declaration\/","title":{"rendered":"Promising signals: Will the Los Angeles Declaration deliver on its game-changing rhetoric?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"#read-english\">Read in English<\/a> | <a href=\"#read-spanish\">Leer en espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 id=\"read-english\" style=\"color: #009999;\">Promising signals: Will the Los Angeles Declaration deliver on its game-changing rhetoric?<\/h1>\n<p>On June 10<sup>th<\/sup> 2022, at the conclusion of the Summit of the Americas, the leaders of 21 states signed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/06\/10\/los-angeles-declaration-on-migration-and-protection\/\">Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection<\/a>. While groups of American states had taken part in regional mobility-related initiatives before, the Los Angeles Declaration represents the policy statement on migration with the broadest geographic participation in the Western hemisphere, with the US and Canada joining for the first time.<\/p>\n<p>The declaration contains a clear recognition that migration across the Americas is here to stay and that any adequate response to population movements requires regional cooperation and long-term engagement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Changing contexts, changing visions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Over the last decade, several states in Latin America and the Caribbean that were once only countries origin or transit for refugees and migrants\u2014such as Mexico and Colombia, name but two\u2014have now squarely become destinations themselves. This has modified regional dynamics and meant that the conversation on how to best manage migration across the continent is now more inclusive and balanced, and less polarised along a sending Vs receiving countries divide. This represents an encouraging departure from what often happens in migration-related discussions in other regions of the world, for instance those between Europe and Africa, \u00a0which also <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/articles\/same-old-same-old-are-we-seeing-a-resurfacing-of-the-north-south-divide-in-gcm-implementation\/\">imperil the implementation of the Global Compact for Migration<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/news\/los-angeles-declaration-migration-cooperation\">Migration Policy Institute highlighted<\/a>, the Los Angeles Declaration puts forward \u201cideas for more cooperatively managing migration movements across the Americas\u201d. The language of the declaration and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/06\/10\/fact-sheet-the-los-angeles-declaration-on-migration-and-protection-u-s-government-and-foreign-partner-deliverables\/\">accompanying fact sheet published by the US government<\/a> is worth praising as a change of paradigm compared to previous statements. To give just one example, with regard to in Pillar II\u2014<em>Promoting Regular Pathways for Migration and International Protection\u2014<\/em>the fact sheet states that \u201cthe goal [of this initiative] is to change the way people migrate\u201d. Increasing the availability of regular migration pathways, rather than leaving tens of thousands of people to resort to irregular movement, would indeed be in everyone\u2019s interests, particularly those of concerned refugees and migrants.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, by expanding its focus beyond just controlling and containing mobility, and by highlighting the migration-development nexus, the declaration explicitly recognises \u201cthe positive contributions of refugees and migrants to the socio-economic development of their host communities\u201d and asserts the commitment of the signatory states to \u201ccollectively leveraging the benefits of migration\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to commitments related to those with international protection needs, the declaration also includes an emphasis on expanding legal pathways for labour migration, thereby signalling a very important step beyond compliance with humanitarian obligations. As an overall message, it is very clear\u2014and explicitly stated\u2014that the declaration rightly views mobility in the region as being driven by mixed migration movements, with people leaving their country for a wide array of reasons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mind the gaps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Despite the declaration\u2019s many encouraging features, however, some gaps and challenges remain. For instance, in Pillar I\u2014<em>Promoting Stability and Assistance for Communities of Destination, Origin, Transit, and Return<\/em>\u2014strong emphasis is placed on using financing and cooperation to address the root causes of migration and to support new host countries. While such solidarity demonstrates goodwill and cooperation, it is paramount that reducing migration and onward movements does not become the sole priority of the declaration, nor, by extension, a cage for those on the move. Additionally, signatory states\u2019 Pillar I commitments cited in the fact sheet include several examples of regular status being granted to refugees and migrants already (irregularly) present in destination counties. While ex-post regularisation initiatives, which have been popular in the region for long time, are better than nothing, they should not be seen as an ideal alternative to legal pathways. In fact, they still lead people to migrate irregularly, through long and dangerous journeys, and to live at the margins of society, often extremely vulnerable to exploitation and other abuses in destination countries, before they are able to regularise their situation and access rights.<\/p>\n<p>Connected to the above, in Pillar II, regular migration avenues other than labour migration, such as family reunification and student visas, receive very limited attention. Additionally, most of the labour migration pathways foreseen in the declaration fact sheet are temporary and focus on seasonal work. While being able to work abroad for a limited period without completely uprooting oneself has positive aspects, this option does not necessarily fulfil the needs of most of those who are planning to migrate. An aversion to avenues for permanent settlement (as opposed to temporary stay) also becomes apparent when looking at individual states\u2019 commitments related to resettlement: while the US and Canada pledged to expand the resettlement of refugees from the Americas, similar moves by other countries are very limited.<\/p>\n<p>As for Pillar III\u2014<em>Promoting Humane Migration Management<\/em>\u2014while a more humane approach to border management would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-58654351\">indeed be necessary<\/a>, in practice the content of this section continues to focus on deportations and anti-smuggling efforts. The first (of two) Pillar III commitment mentioned in the fact sheet is an upcoming \u201cmultilateral Sting Operation\u201d against smuggling lead by the US. Moreover, <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/resource\/smuggling-and-mixed-migration\/\">like many other public statements on migration<\/a>, the Los Angeles Declaration often mentions migrant smuggling alongside human trafficking, indirectly perpetuating the idea that people on the move are the helpless prey of criminal organisations that convinced them to migrate irregularly; in reality refugees and migrants actively seek out smugglers to facilitate their journeys because of a lack of regular migration alternatives.<\/p>\n<p>The specific response to migration in transit locations was also overlooked in the declaration, just like it is in most international and regional policy documents. Although several of the commitments might be implicitly understood as applying equally to countries of transit and destination, transit is only explicitly mentioned twice in the declaration and never in the fact sheet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>After words, action?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>More broadly, it remains to be seen whether implementation and concrete actions will follow the encouraging tone and spirit of the declaration\u2019s text. Some recent developments would suggest they will not. As an example, several countries\u2014including Mexico\u2014introduced <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/2022-01-07\/mexico-pedira-visa-a-venezolanos-desde-finales-de-enero.html\">new visa requirements for Venezuelan nationals<\/a> at the beginning of 2022. This meant that, while Venezuelan nationals were previously able to migrate to Mexico safely by plane, difficulties in obtaining a visa are now leading increasing numbers to try to reach the country irregularly by land, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2022\/03\/1506422\">via the treacherous trek<\/a> across Colombia and Central America.<\/p>\n<p>While leaders discussed ideas for future commitments in Los Angeles, the situation on the ground seems to be deteriorating. Irregular movement through one of the most dangerous areas in the region\u2014the Darien Gap\u2014has been increasing this year, with 8,000+ new arrivals recorded at the migration reception stations on the Panamanian side of the Gap during the first two months of 2022 alone, a number that rose to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.datosabiertos.gob.pa\/dataset\/ebb56d40-112f-455e-9418-ccd73560021d\/resource\/3fae4878-5068-4b80-b250-ee9e52b16510\/download\/irregulares_en_transito_por_darien_por_pais.pdf\">more than 19,000<\/a> by the end of April. Amid this increase in arrivals, reception systems in Panama and Costa Rica are struggling to cope and adequately respond to the needs of people on the move.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A case of deja-vu? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Finally, in its approach and rhetoric, the Los Angeles Declaration shows strong similarities with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/media\/21839\/action_plan_en.pdf\">Valletta Action Plan<\/a> signed in 2015 between European and African states, which the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/home-affairs\/pages\/glossary\/joint-valletta-action-plan-jvap_en\">EU defines as<\/a>\u00a0\u201ca set of political and operational measures to enhance cooperation between African and European countries with the aim to provide a framework for humane and sustainable management of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/home-affairs\/pages\/glossary\/migration_en\">migration<\/a>\u00a0on both sides of the Mediterranean\u201d. Seven years later, rather than \u201chumane and sustainable management\u201d, the plan\u2019s implementation has clearly focused on containment, securitisation, externalisation of migration management to EU-neighbouring countries, and anti-smuggling efforts. As a result, the risks for people on the move heading to Europe <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/resource\/security-costs-research-report\/\">have been increasing<\/a>, and, in particular, the journeys across the Mediterranean sea <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/06\/1120132\">have grown more deadly than ever.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Will the implementation of the Los Angeles Declaration follow a similar path?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 id=\"read-spanish\" style=\"color: #009999;\"><strong>Se\u00f1ales prometedoras <\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"color: #009999;\">\u00bfCumplir\u00e1 la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles con su ambiciosa ret\u00f3rica?<\/h1>\n<p><em>Por Giulia Testa y Roberto Forin <\/em><\/p>\n<p>El 10 de junio de 2022, al concluir la Cumbre de las Am\u00e9ricas, los l\u00edderes de 21 estados firmaron la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/06\/10\/los-angeles-declaration-on-migration-and-protection\/\">Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles sobre Migraci\u00f3n y Protecci\u00f3n.<\/a> Si bien anteriormente, grupos de estados americanos\u00a0 hab\u00edan participado en iniciativas regionales relacionadas con la movilidad, la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles representa la declaraci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica sobre migraci\u00f3n con la participaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica m\u00e1s amplia \u00a0en el hemisferio occidental, con Estados Unidos y Canad\u00e1 uni\u00e9ndose por primera vez<\/p>\n<p>La declaraci\u00f3n contiene un claro reconocimiento de que la migraci\u00f3n en las Am\u00e9ricas lleg\u00f3 para quedarse y cualquier respuesta adecuada a los movimientos de poblaci\u00f3n requiere cooperaci\u00f3n regional y compromiso a largo plazo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contextos cambiantes, visiones cambiantes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Durante la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, varios estados de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe que alguna vez fueron solo pa\u00edses de origen o tr\u00e1nsito para personas refugiadas y migrantes, &#8211; como M\u00e9xico y Colombia, por nombrar solo dos, -ahora se convirtieron directamente en pa\u00edses de destino. Esto modific\u00f3 la din\u00e1mica regional y caus\u00f3 que la conversaci\u00f3n sobre c\u00f3mo gestionar mejor la migraci\u00f3n en todo el continente ahora sea m\u00e1s inclusiva y equilibrada, y menos polarizada entre los pa\u00edses emisores y receptores. Lo cual representa una desviaci\u00f3n alentadora de lo que a menudo sucede en las discusiones relacionadas con la migraci\u00f3n en otras regiones del mundo, por ejemplo, entre Europa y \u00c1frica, que tambi\u00e9n <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/articles\/same-old-same-old-are-we-seeing-a-resurfacing-of-the-north-south-divide-in-gcm-implementation\/\">ponen en peligro la implementaci\u00f3n del Pacto Mundial para la Migraci\u00f3n.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Como lo destac\u00f3 el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/news\/los-angeles-declaration-migration-cooperation\">Instituto de Pol\u00edtica Migratoria,<\/a> la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles presenta &#8220;ideas para una gesti\u00f3n m\u00e1s cooperativa de los movimientos migratorios en las Am\u00e9ricas&#8221;. Vale la pena elogiar el lenguaje de la declaraci\u00f3n y de la hoja informativa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefing-room\/statements-releases\/2022\/06\/10\/fact-sheet-the-los-angeles-declaration-on-migration-and-protection-u-s-government-and-foreign-partner-deliverables\/\">que la acompa\u00f1a, publicadas por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos<\/a>\u00a0 como un cambio de paradigma en comparaci\u00f3n con declaraciones anteriores. Para dar solo un ejemplo, con respecto al Pilar II\u2014<em>Promoci\u00f3n de v\u00edas regulares para la migraci\u00f3n y la protecci\u00f3n internacional\u2014<\/em>, la hoja informativa afirma que &#8220;el objetivo [de esta iniciativa] es cambiar la forma en que las personas migran&#8221;. Aumentar la disponibilidad de v\u00edas migratorias regulares, en vez de dejar que decenas de miles de personas recurran a los movimientos irregulares, de hecho, ser\u00eda del inter\u00e9s de todas las personas, en particular de las personas refugiadas y migrantes involucradas.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s de \u00a0ampliar su enfoque m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de solo controlar y contener la movilidad, y de resaltar el nexo entre la migraci\u00f3n y el desarrollo, la declaraci\u00f3n reconoce expl\u00edcitamente &#8220;las contribuciones positivas de las personas refugiadas y migrantes al desarrollo socioecon\u00f3mico de sus comunidades de acogida&#8221; y afirma el compromiso de los estados signatarios de &#8220;aprovechar colectivamente los beneficios de la migraci\u00f3n&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Adicionalmente a los compromisos relacionados con las personas con necesidades de protecci\u00f3n internacional, la declaraci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n incluye un \u00e9nfasis en la ampliaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edas legales para la migraci\u00f3n laboral, lo que indica un paso muy importante m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del cumplimiento de las obligaciones humanitarias. Como mensaje general, es muy claro, -y explicito &#8211; que la declaraci\u00f3n considera \u00a0acertadamente qu\u00e9 la movilidad en la regi\u00f3n est\u00e1 impulsada por movimientos migratorios mixtos, con personas que abandonan su pa\u00eds por una amplia gama de razones.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cuidado con las brechas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A pesar de las muchas caracter\u00edsticas alentadoras de la declaraci\u00f3n, persisten algunas brechas y desaf\u00edos. Por ejemplo, en el Pilar I\u2014<em>Promoci\u00f3n de la estabilidad y la asistencia a las comunidades de destino, origen, tr\u00e1nsito y retorno<\/em>, hace hincapi\u00e9 en el uso de la financiaci\u00f3n y la cooperaci\u00f3n para abordar las causas profundas de la migraci\u00f3n y apoyar a los nuevos pa\u00edses de acogida. Si bien esa solidaridad demuestra buena voluntad y cooperaci\u00f3n, es primordial que la reducci\u00f3n de la migraci\u00f3n y los movimientos progresivos no se conviertan en la \u00fanica prioridad de la declaraci\u00f3n, ni, por extensi\u00f3n, en una jaula para las personas en movilidad. Adem\u00e1s, los compromisos de los estados firmantes citados en la hoja informativa incluyen varios ejemplos de estatus regular a personas refugiadas y migrantes que ya est\u00e1n (irregularmente) presentes en los pa\u00edses de destino. Si bien las iniciativas de regularizaci\u00f3n a posteriori \u00a0han sido populares en la regi\u00f3n durante mucho tiempo &#8211; son mejores que nada &#8211; no deben verse como una alternativa ideal a las v\u00edas legales. De hecho, estas iniciativas todav\u00eda llevan a las personas a migrar irregularmente a trav\u00e9s de viajes largos y peligrosos, y a vivir al margen de la sociedad. A menudo, las personas en movilidad son extremadamente vulnerables a la explotaci\u00f3n y otros abusos en los pa\u00edses de destino, antes de que puedan regularizar su situaci\u00f3n y acceder a sus derechos.<\/p>\n<p>En relaci\u00f3n con lo anterior, en el Pilar II, las v\u00edas de migraci\u00f3n regular distintas a \u00a0la migraci\u00f3n laboral, como la reunificaci\u00f3n familiar y visados estudiantiles, reciben una atenci\u00f3n muy limitada. Adicionalmente, la mayor\u00eda de las v\u00edas de migraci\u00f3n laboral previstas en la hoja informativa de la declaraci\u00f3n son temporales y se centran en el trabajo peri\u00f3dico. Si bien poder trabajar en el extranjero por un per\u00edodo limitado sin desarraigarse por completo tiene aspectos positivos, esta opci\u00f3n no necesariamente satisface las necesidades de la mayor\u00eda de las personas que planean migrar. La aversi\u00f3n a las v\u00edas de asentamiento permanente (a diferencia de la estad\u00eda temporal) tambi\u00e9n se hace evidente cuando se observan los compromisos individuales de los estados relacionados con el reasentamiento: mientras que Estados Unidos y Canad\u00e1 se comprometieron a expandir el reasentamiento de personas refugiadas de las Am\u00e9ricas, las acciones\u00a0 similares de otros pa\u00edses son muy limitadas.<\/p>\n<p>En cuanto al Pilar III\u2014<em>Promoci\u00f3n de la gesti\u00f3n humana de la migraci\u00f3n<\/em>\u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-58654351\">aunque, ser\u00eda necesario <\/a>\u00a0un enfoque m\u00e1s humano de la gesti\u00f3n de las fronteras, en la pr\u00e1ctica, el contenido de esta secci\u00f3n sigue centr\u00e1ndose en las deportaciones y los esfuerzos antitr\u00e1fico. El primer (de dos) compromiso del Pilar III mencionado en la hoja informativa es una pr\u00f3xima &#8220;Operaci\u00f3n encubierta multilateral&#8221; contra el tr\u00e1fico liderada por los Estados Unidos. Adem\u00e1s, <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/resource\/smuggling-and-mixed-migration\/\">al igual que muchas otras declaraciones p\u00fablicas sobre migraci\u00f3n,<\/a> la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles a menudo menciona el tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito de migrantes junto con la trata de personas, perpetuando indirectamente la idea de que las personas en movilidad son presas indefensas de las organizaciones criminales que los convencieron de migrar irregularmente; en realidad, las personas refugiadas y migrantes buscan activamente a los traficantes para facilitar sus viajes debido a la falta de alternativas de migraci\u00f3n regular.<\/p>\n<p>La respuesta espec\u00edfica a la migraci\u00f3n en los lugares de tr\u00e1nsito tambi\u00e9n se pas\u00f3 por alto en la declaraci\u00f3n, al igual que ocurre en la mayor\u00eda de los documentos de pol\u00edtica internacional y regional. Aunque varios de los compromisos podr\u00edan entenderse impl\u00edcitamente como igualmente aplicables a los pa\u00edses de tr\u00e1nsito y de destino, el tr\u00e1nsito s\u00f3lo se menciona expl\u00edcitamente dos veces en la declaraci\u00f3n y nunca en la hoja informativa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Despu\u00e9s de las palabras, \u00bfacci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En t\u00e9rminos m\u00e1s generales, queda por ver si la aplicaci\u00f3n y las medidas concretas seguir\u00e1n el tono y el esp\u00edritu alentador del texto de la declaraci\u00f3n. Algunos acontecimientos recientes sugieren que no ser\u00e1 as\u00ed. Como ejemplo, varios pa\u00edses, incluido M\u00e9xico, introdujeron <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/mexico\/2022-01-07\/mexico-pedira-visa-a-venezolanos-desde-finales-de-enero.html\">nuevos requisitos de visa para ciudadanos venezolanos<\/a> a principios de 2022. Esto significa que, si bien las personas venezolanas anteriormente pod\u00edan migrar a M\u00e9xico de manera segura por avi\u00f3n, ahora las dificultades para obtener una visa hacen que cada vez m\u00e1s personas intenten llegar al pa\u00eds irregularmente por tierra, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/es\/story\/2022\/03\/1506422\">a trav\u00e9s de una traicionera caminata<\/a>, cruzando Colombia y Am\u00e9rica Central. Mientras los l\u00edderes discut\u00edan en Los \u00c1ngeles ideas para compromisos futuros, la situaci\u00f3n en el terreno parece estar deterior\u00e1ndose. El movimiento irregular a trav\u00e9s de una de las \u00e1reas m\u00e1s peligrosas de la regi\u00f3n &#8211; el Tap\u00f3n del Dari\u00e9n &#8211; ha aumentado este a\u00f1o. Con m\u00e1s de 8,000 nuevas llegadas registradas en las estaciones de recepci\u00f3n migratoria en el lado paname\u00f1o del Tap\u00f3n solo \u00a0en los primeros dos meses de 2022, esta cifra aument\u00f3 a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.datosabiertos.gob.pa\/dataset\/ebb56d40-112f-455e-9418-ccd73560021d\/resource\/3fae4878-5068-4b80-b250-ee9e52b16510\/download\/irregulares_en_transito_por_darien_por_pais.pdf\"> m\u00e1s de 19,000<\/a> a finales de abril. En medio de este aumento en las llegadas, los sistemas de recepci\u00f3n en Panam\u00e1 y Costa Rica est\u00e1n luchando para hacer frente y responder adecuadamente a las necesidades de las personas en movilidad.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bfUn caso de deja-vu? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, en su enfoque y ret\u00f3rica, la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles muestra fuertes similitudes con el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/media\/21839\/action_plan_en.pdf\">Plan de Acci\u00f3n de La Valeta <\/a>\u00a0\u00a0firmado en 2015 entre estados europeos y africanos, el cual la UE <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/home-affairs\/pages\/glossary\/joint-valletta-action-plan-jvap_en\">define como<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;un conjunto de medidas pol\u00edticas y operativas para mejorar la cooperaci\u00f3n entre los pa\u00edses africanos y europeos con el objetivo de proporcionar un marco para la gesti\u00f3n humana y sostenible de la migraci\u00f3n en ambos lados del Mediterr\u00e1neo&#8221;. Siete a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, en lugar de una &#8220;gesti\u00f3n humana y sostenible&#8221;, la aplicaci\u00f3n del plan se ha centrado claramente en la contenci\u00f3n, reforzamiento de la seguridad, la externalizaci\u00f3n de la gesti\u00f3n de la migraci\u00f3n a los pa\u00edses vecinos de la UE y los esfuerzos contra el tr\u00e1fico. Como resultado, los riesgos para las personas en movilidad que se dirigen a Europa <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.maisoninteractive.com\/mixedmigrationcenter\/resource\/security-costs-research-report\/\">han ido en aumento,<\/a> y, en particular, los viajes a trav\u00e9s del mar Mediterr\u00e1neo <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/06\/1120132\">se han vuelto m\u00e1s mortales que nunca.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfSeguir\u00e1 la implementaci\u00f3n de la Declaraci\u00f3n de Los \u00c1ngeles un camino similar?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read in English | Leer en espa\u00f1ol Promising signals: Will the Los Angeles Declaration deliver on its game-changing rhetoric? On June 10th 2022, at the conclusion of the Summit of the Americas, the leaders of 21 states signed the Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection. 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