This is the second in a series of three 4Mi snapshots looking at the journey towards Europe of Pakistanis, Nigerians and Sudanese interviewed in Italy. The snapshots aim to contribute towards a solid evidence base to inform targeted responses on the ground, as well as advocacy efforts related to the situation of refugees and migrants in the country.

This second snapshot focuses on drivers, routes and use of smugglers of Sudanese. It draws from 77  interviews conducted with Sudanese in Italy between November 2019 and September 2021.