This is the third in a series of three 4Mi snapshots looking at the journey towards Europe of Pakistanis, Nigerians and Sudanese interviewed in Italy. The snapshots aim to contribute towards a solid evidence base to inform targeted responses on the ground, as well as advocacy efforts related to the situation of refugees and migrants in the country.

This third snapshot focuses on drivers, routes and use of smugglers of Nigerians. It draws from 195  interviews conducted with Nigerians in Italy between November 2019 and September 2021.